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Gotfrid EwaldGerman psychiatrist
Date of Birth: 15.07.1888
Country:  Germany |
Content:
- Early Life and Career
- Academic Life
- Theory of Temperaments
- Method of "Charakterogramme"
- - Emotional sensitivity (E)
- Later Life and Legacy
Early Life and Career
Ewald (Ewald) Gottfried was born on July 15, 1888, in Leipzig, Germany. He studied medicine and earned his doctorate. From 1920 onwards, he became a private lecturer at the University of Erlangen.
Academic Life
In 1923, Gottfried was appointed as an extraordinary professor and, in 1933, as an ordinary professor of psychiatry at the University of Greifswald. A year later, he moved to the University of Göttingen, where he became director of the University Clinic and Polyclinic for Mental and Nervous Diseases.
Theory of Temperaments
Gottfried developed a theory of temperaments, published in his book "Temperament und Charakter" in 1924. He proposed two biological levels: biotonic-quantitative and structural-qualitative. Biotonus, according to Gottfried, was a psychological force that varies in different mental states.
Method of "Charakterogramme"
To describe individual character traits, Gottfried proposed the method of "Charakterogramme." According to this method, a formula is constructed to represent the intensity of "character radicals." These radicals include:
- Emotional sensitivity (E)
- Ability to retain emotional experiences (R)- Sensitivity to primitive "I" needs (Tr)
- Intellectual regulation of experiences (I.St)
- Ability to eliminate experiences (Abl)
Attempt to Introduce a New Diagnosis
Gottfried attempted to introduce a new nosology called "hypnoia" as opposed to paranoia. However, this concept did not gain widespread acceptance.
Later Life and Legacy
Ewald Gottfried passed away on July 17, 1963, in Göttingen. His theory of temperaments and his method of "Charakterogramme" remain influential contributions to the field of psychology.
