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PlotinusAncient idealist philosopher, founder of Neoplatonism
Date of Birth: 01.01.0204
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Content:
- Early Life and Education
- Philosophical Journey
- Neoplatonic System
- Philosophical Achievements
- Literary Legacy
Early Life and Education
Plotinus, a renowned ancient philosopher and founder of Neoplatonism, was born in Lycopolis, Lower Egypt. During his youth, he resided in Alexandria, a prominent cultural and scientific hub. From 231/232 to 242, Plotinus studied under the renowned philosopher Ammonius Saccas, who was also the mentor of Origen, an influential figure in Christian theology.
Philosophical Journey
In 242, Plotinus embarked on a philosophical expedition alongside Emperor Gordian III, seeking knowledge from Persian and Indian philosophies. Upon his return to Rome in 243/244, he established his own school and began teaching, attracting a diverse following from various backgrounds and nationalities.
Neoplatonic System
Plotinus systematized Plato's theory of the embodiment of the triad in nature and the cosmos. He defined the Divine as an ineffable primal essence, transcending all comprehension and giving rise to the multiplicity of things through emanation ("outpouring"). Plotinus sought to reconcile ancient polytheism with the concept of the One, acknowledging the doctrine of metempsychosis as a foundational principle of his ethical teachings on life.
Philosophical Achievements
Plotinus developed a comprehensive soteriology, a doctrine of salvation and liberation from suffering. He attempted to establish a Platonic state called Platonopolis, a city of philosophers dedicated to religious contemplation, under the patronage of Emperor Gallienus in 265. However, this endeavor proved unsuccessful.
Literary Legacy
In his later years, Plotinus began recording his teachings in written form. His writings were posthumously edited, organized, and published by his disciple Porphyry. Porphyry divided the writings into six sections, each with nine parts, hence the title of Plotinus's collected works, "Enneads" (literally, "Nines").
