Abd Al-Hafid
MoroccoSultan of Morocco (Kingdom of Fez)
From 1908 to 1912, Abd al-Hafid ruled as the Sultan of Morocco in the Kingdom of Fez. He hailed from the Alaouite dynasty.
Rise to Power
Before becoming sultan, Abd al-Hafid served as the governor of Marrakech. In 1908, he allied with the Berber tribe Glaiwa and the Arab tribe Rehamna to challenge Sultan Abd al-Aziz IV. On August 23, 1908, Abd al-Aziz was forced to abdicate and fled the country, leaving Abd al-Hafid as the new sultan.
Foreign Influences
In 1909, under pressure from the French, Abd al-Hafid was forced to accept the terms of the Algeciras Conference. This treaty recognized France's sphere of influence in Morocco.
Fes Treaty and Abdication
In 1912, Abd al-Hafid signed the Treaty of Fez, which transformed Morocco into a French protectorate. He subsequently abdicated and handed over power to his brother, Moulay Youssef.
