Adolphus Greely American scientist and traveler Date of Birth: 27.03.1844 Country: USA

1. Early Life and Military Service
2. Arctic Expedition
3. Struggles and Survival
4. Rescue and Recovery
5. Later Military Career
6. Public Service and Advocacy
7. Disaster Relief
8. Retirement and Legacy

Early Life and Military Service

Adolphus Washington Greely was born on March 27, 1844, in Newburyport, Massachusetts. At a young age, he enlisted in the Union Army during the Civil War, claiming to be 18 years old despite being only 17. He served in the 19th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, and his first combat experience came at the Battle of Ball's Bluff.

During the Battle of Antietam, Greely was wounded in the face and thigh, and was subsequently sent to a hospital in Harrisburg. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1863 and assigned to the Colored Infantry.

Arctic Expedition

In 1881, Greely led the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition, a scientific expedition to northern Canada. The expedition aimed to establish a meteorological station and conduct a wide range of scientific observations. During the expedition, Greely and his team reached the farthest north latitude of 83°24'.

Struggles and Survival

The expedition faced significant challenges due to difficult ice conditions. After the ships could not reach them for evacuation, Greely and his men embarked on a southward journey to meet rescuers. However, they missed their rendezvous and were forced to spend the winter of 1883-1884 at Cape Sabine, where 18 of the 25 expedition members perished from starvation and exhaustion.

Rescue and Recovery

Greely and the surviving six members of his team were rescued on June 22, 1884. Upon their return, they were hailed as heroes but also faced criticism for their decision to abandon their base.

Later Military Career

Greely recovered from his ordeal and resumed his military service. In 1887, he was appointed Chief Signal Officer with the rank of brigadier general. He reorganized the Weather Bureau and made significant improvements in weather forecasting and storm warnings.

Public Service and Advocacy

Greely was a prominent figure in the field of polar exploration and served as a mentor to many future explorers. He was a member and supporter of the National Geographic Society, and advocated for the use of radio communication in polar expeditions.

In 1903, Greely represented the United States at the First International Radio Telegraphic Conference in Berlin. He also participated in the International Telegraph Conference in London.

Disaster Relief

In 1906, Greely played a pivotal role in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake in San Francisco. As commander of the Pacific Division, he oversaw the distribution of supplies and prevented looting.

Retirement and Legacy

Greely retired from military service in 1908 and embarked on a world tour with his family. He continued to write and publish books, including "Handbook of Alaska" (1909) and "Reminiscences of Adventure and Service" (1927).

Greely passed away on October 20, 1935, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. He is remembered as a renowned Arctic explorer, military officer, and public servant. In 1935, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his outstanding achievements.