Frederik Bolkestein European Commissioner for Internal Market and Taxation Country: Netherlands

1. Frederick Bolkestein: Eurocommissioner with a Global Education
2. Career Transition from Academia to Energy
3. Controversial Figure in European Politics
4. Eurocommissioner and Author
5. Personal Passions

Frederick Bolkestein: Eurocommissioner with a Global Education

Born in Amsterdam in 1933, Bolkestein witnessed firsthand the horrors of World War II when his father was deported by the Nazis. Determined to make a difference, he excelled academically, earning degrees in mathematics, economics, philosophy, and ancient Greek from prestigious institutions such as Oregon State College, Leiden University, the University of London, and the University of Amsterdam.

Career Transition from Academia to Energy

Bolkestein's academic pursuits led him into a high-ranking position at Royal Dutch/Shell in 1960. He left his scholarly endeavors behind to pursue a successful career in the energy industry.

Controversial Figure in European Politics

Bolkestein gained international attention for his blunt criticism of Turkey's European Union membership aspirations, warning of potential Islamization. He also sparked controversy with his "Bolkestein Directive," which aimed to liberalize the service market. Left-wing parties and labor unions vehemently opposed it, fearing job losses to Eastern European workers. His opponents labeled him the "gravedigger of the welfare state."

Eurocommissioner and Author

After serving as a member of the Dutch government, Bolkestein was appointed to the European Commission in 1999. He has since penned a book exploring the impact of intellectuals on global politics.

Personal Passions

Beyond his political career, Bolkestein is a devoted patron of the theater. His intellectual curiosity and passion for the arts continue to shape his life and legacy.