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Gabriel HanotauxFrench historian and statesman
Date of Birth: 19.11.1853
Country: ![]() |
Content:
- Early Life and Academic Career
- Entry into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Alliance with Russia
- Post-Foreign Ministry Career
- Historical Writings
- Presidential Role
- Death and Legacy
Early Life and Academic Career
Gabriel Hanotaux was born in Bohain-en-Vermandois, France, on November 19, 1853. He pursued his education in law at the Sorbonne, earning a degree in 1874. Subsequently, he studied at the École des Chartes, a prestigious institution specializing in archival research.
Entry into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
In 1879, Hanotaux entered the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His diplomatic service initially involved assignments in various European capitals.
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Hanotaux served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1894 to 1898, with a brief interruption. During this tenure, France expanded its colonial influence in Africa, including West Africa, Madagascar, Tunisia, Algeria, and Sudan. This expansionism led to heightened tensions with Great Britain.
Alliance with Russia
Hanotaux played a pivotal role in strengthening France's diplomatic ties with Russia. He engaged in secret negotiations and exchange of letters to cement this alliance, which would later become a cornerstone of French foreign policy.
Post-Foreign Ministry Career
After his ministerial position, Hanotaux remained in politics, representing France at the League of Nations from 1920 to 1923. He also pursued a prolific literary career, authoring several volumes on history and international relations.
Historical Writings
Hanotaux gained acclaim for his detailed biography of Cardinal Richelieu, as well as his comprehensive four-volume "Histoire de la France contemporaine, 1871-1900" (History of Contemporary France). Additionally, he edited a monumental 15-volume history of the French nation.
Presidential Role
Hanotaux presided over the prestigious Académie Française, serving as its president.
Death and Legacy
Gabriel Hanotaux passed away in Paris on April 11, 1944. His contributions to French history and diplomacy continue to be recognized.