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Jahn Paul MaratFrench revolutionary, physician and publicist, chairman of the Jacobin Club.
Date of Birth: 24.05.1743
Country:  France |
Content:
- Early Life and Education
- Medical Practice and Scientific Pursuits
- Pre-Revolutionary Activities
- Political Activism and the French Revolution
- Member of the National Convention
- Betrayal and Assassination
Early Life and Education
Jean-Paul Marat was born on May 24, 1743, in Boudry, Switzerland. His father, Jean-Baptiste Mara, was a Protestant who had fled Sardinia. Marat arrived in France at the age of 16 to study medicine.
Medical Practice and Scientific Pursuits
After graduating medical school, Marat traveled to England in 1765. He gained recognition as a physician and published a treatise on electricity. However, his desire to become a writer consumed him. He published "Essay on Man" and "The Chains of Slavery," but faced criticism from Voltaire and the French Academy of Sciences.
Pre-Revolutionary Activities
Returning to Paris in 1777, Marat became physician to the Comte d'Artois. This position provided him with financial stability and free time, which he dedicated to physics and polemics. Despite his initial enthusiasm, he faced skepticism from the Academy, leading to bitter disputes.
Political Activism and the French Revolution
With the advent of the French Revolution, Marat emerged as a passionate political activist. He launched his newspaper, "The Friend of the People," which gained immense popularity for its fierce criticism of the new government. His relentless attacks led to charges of sedition, forcing him into hiding.
Member of the National Convention
The fall of the monarchy restored Marat's credibility as a devoted revolutionary. He joined the National Convention and became chairman of the radical Jacobin Club. His relentless criticism of the Girondins, who supported the government, made him a target for their hostility.
Betrayal and Assassination
Marat's warnings about the treachery of General Charles Dumouriez proved futile. His involvement in the Jacobins' petition to protect France from Dumouriez's supporters led to his arrest and trial. Acquitted in April 1793, he returned to the Convention triumphant. However, on July 13, 1793, he was assassinated by Charlotte Corday, a Girondin sympathizer. His death marked a turning point in the French Revolution and solidified his legacy as a martyr for the radical cause.
