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Joseph SonnenfelsAustrian lawyer
Date of Birth: 01.01.1732
Country:  Austria |
Content:
- Joseph von Sonnenfels: Pioneer of Enlightenment in Austria
- Abolition of Torture
- Political and Economic Thought
- Enlightened Absolutism
- Language and Other Works
- Legacy
Joseph von Sonnenfels: Pioneer of Enlightenment in Austria
Early Life and EducationJoseph von Sonnenfels was born in Nikolsburg, Brandenburg, Prussia, on November 26, 1733. He was the son of Rabbi Elijah Sonnenfels, the chief rabbi of Brandenburg. Sonnenfels received a classical education and later studied law at the University of Halle.
Abolition of Torture
In 1775, Sonnenfels published his treatise "On the Abolition of Torture," which called for the elimination of the practice of torture in Austrian courts. The book made a significant impact on Empress Maria Theresa, who subsequently issued an edict abolishing torture in Austria.
Political and Economic Thought
Sonnenfels' most important work was his textbook "Principles of Police, Trade, and Finance," which was published in eight editions between 1765 and 1822. The book became a standard reference for students of political science for nearly a century. Sonnenfels was a staunch advocate of the physiocratic school of economics, which emphasized the importance of natural law and agricultural production.
Enlightened Absolutism
In the realm of political theory, Sonnenfels supported the concept of enlightened absolutism, which advocated for a strong monarchy that would promote progress and improve the lives of its subjects. He rejected the idea of the separation of powers and was highly critical of constitutionalism.
Language and Other Works
Sonnenfels made significant contributions to the German language, writing with clarity and conciseness that set him apart from other scholars of his time. He also published numerous other works on topics such as famine relief, usury, and criminal justice.
Legacy
Joseph von Sonnenfels played a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual landscape of Austria during the Enlightenment. His advocacy for the abolition of torture, his contributions to political science, and his efforts to improve the German language left a lasting legacy on Austrian society. He died in Vienna on April 26, 1817.
