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Agustin IMexican military and statesman
Date of Birth: 27.09.1783
Country:  Mexico |
Content:
- Agustín de Iturbide: Mexican Revolutionary and Emperor
- Military Career and Early Life
- Plan of Iguala and Rise to Power
- Emperor of Mexico
- Coronation and Opposition
- Exile and Return
Agustín de Iturbide: Mexican Revolutionary and Emperor
Agustín de Iturbide, born Acatempan, Michoacán, on September 27, 1783, played a pivotal role in Mexico's independence struggle and establishment as an empire.
Military Career and Early Life
The son of a Spanish nobleman and a Creole mother, Iturbide joined the Spanish army in 1798, rising to the rank of colonel by 1820. Initially, he suppressed Mexican uprisings against Spanish rule (1809-1810), but his allegiance shifted in 1819 when he joined the insurgent cause.
Plan of Iguala and Rise to Power
On February 21, 1821, Iturbide issued the Plan of Iguala, calling for Mexican independence, a constitutional monarchy, and the union of all social classes under the Catholic faith. His support grew rapidly, and he captured Mexico City on September 27, 1821.
Emperor of Mexico
Unable to reach consensus on a form of government, the people and garrison of Mexico City proclaimed Iturbide Emperor on May 18, 1822. Congress confirmed his election the following day, and he ascended to the throne as Emperor Agustín I.
Coronation and Opposition
Coroonated on July 21, 1822, Agustín I faced growing opposition as government finances dwindled. A successful rebellion in Veracruz, led by Antonio López de Santa Anna, forced Iturbide to abdicate on March 29, 1823.
Exile and Return
Granted an annual pension by Congress, Iturbide left for Italy. However, in 1824, he returned to Mexico, hoping to regain power. Declared an outlaw, he landed in disguise but was arrested and executed on July 19, 1824, pursuant to Congress's order for his immediate execution upon his arrival.
