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Anna Elizarova-UlyanovaThe elder sister of V. I. Lenin, an active participant in the Russian revolutionary movement
Date of Birth: 26.08.1864
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Content:
- Early Life and Education
- Political Activism and Exile
- Marxist Activism in Moscow
- Lenin's Collaborator and Organizer
- Revolutionary Activities and Imprisonment
- Soviet Era and Legacy
- Jewish Ancestry Revelation and Controversy
- Personal Life
Anna Ilyinichna Ulyanova-Yelizarova: Soviet Revolutionary and Lenin's Sister
Early Life and Education
Anna Ilyinichna Ulyanova, known as Anna Ilyinichna Yelizarova after her marriage, was born in Nizhny Novgorod on August 14 (26th), 1864, as the eldest child of Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov and Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova (Blank). The family moved to Simbirsk in 1869, where Anna completed Simbirsk Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium in 1880 and received a silver medal and a diploma to become a home teacher. In 1883, she enrolled in the Bestuzhev Higher Courses for Women in St. Petersburg.
Political Activism and Exile
Anna's political involvement began in 1886, when she participated in a student demonstration commemorating the death of Nikolai Dobrolyubov. Following her brother Alexander's arrest for involvement in the assassination attempt on Alexander III, she was arrested and sentenced to five years of exile in 1887. During her exile, she married Mark Yelizarov in July 1889.
Marxist Activism in Moscow
In 1893, the Yelizarovs moved to Moscow, where Anna joined the social-democratic movement. She translated German works into Russian, including "The Weavers" by Gerhart Hauptmann, and composed a pamphlet on the exploitation of factory workers.
Lenin's Collaborator and Organizer
In 1896, Anna moved to St. Petersburg, where she established communication between the imprisoned Lenin and the "Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class." After Lenin's exile, she organized the publication of his work "The Development of Capitalism in Russia."
Revolutionary Activities and Imprisonment
Throughout the early 20th century, Anna played a key role in the revolutionary movement. She distributed the newspaper "Iskra," participated in the 1905-1907 Revolution, and assisted in the establishment of the Party organization in Saratov. In 1912, she was arrested and imprisoned but managed to escape and continue her revolutionary work.
Soviet Era and Legacy
After the October Revolution, Anna became a member of the Central Committee Bureau of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), editor of the journal "Tkach," and a member of the "Pravda" editorial board. She also oversaw the protection of children and organized the Institute of V. I. Lenin.
Jewish Ancestry Revelation and Controversy
In 1924, Anna discovered that her paternal grandfather was of Jewish descent. She protested the suppression of this information by the Communist Party, advocating against anti-Semitism. Her letter to Stalin on the matter, written in 1932, was eventually displayed at an exhibition in 2011.
Personal Life
Anna married Mark Yelizarov in 1889. They had an adopted son, Georgy Lozgachev-Yelizarov, and raised Jiang Jingguo, the eldest son of Chiang Kai-shek. Anna died in Moscow on October 19, 1935, and is buried in the Literators' Bridges of the Volkovo Cemetery in Leningrad.
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