Didius Julianus Roman Emperor Country: Italy

1. Early Life and Career
2. Accusation and Exoneration
3. Accession to the Throne
4. Reign and Execution

Early Life and Career

Born into a wealthy senatorial family, Didius Julianus spent his childhood in the household of Marcus Aurelius. He embarked on a successful career, serving as a praetor in 162 AD, commanding a legion, and governing the province of Gallia Belgica from 170 to 175 AD. In 175 AD, he became consul. He also held governorships in Illyricum (176-177 AD) and Lower Germany (c. 178 AD).

Accusation and Exoneration

In 182 AD, Julianus was accused of conspiring to assassinate Emperor Commodus. However, he was acquitted and went on to serve as proconsul of Bithynia and Pontus, and later of Africa (189-190 AD).

Accession to the Throne

Upon the assassination of Emperor Pertinax on March 28, 193 AD, Julianus found himself in Rome. When the Praetorian Guard, who held the real power in Rome at the time, announced their willingness to sell the imperial throne to the highest bidder, Julianus seized the opportunity. As he approached the gates of the Praetorian camp, he learned that his rival, Sulpicianus, father-in-law of Pertinax, was also within. A blatant auction for the throne ensued. When Sulpicianus offered 20,000 sesterces to each Praetorian, Julianus promptly countered with 25,000 sesterces, holding up his palm with five fingers extended. This bid was not matched. The Praetorians proclaimed Julianus emperor, and the Senate ratified their decision.

Reign and Execution

Didius Julianus failed to pay the Praetorians promptly. When the troops of another claimant, Septimius Severus, approached Rome, Julianus found himself without defenders. He managed to raise funds to distribute to the Praetorians (30,000 sesterces each), but this did not rally them. Julianus was deposed by the Senate and sentenced to death. According to Dio Cassius, the officer sent to execute the sentence found the emperor on his knees, praying. Didius Julianus reigned for 66 days.