Jamal Al-Afghani Muslim reformer, ideologist of pan-Islamism Date of Birth: 01.01.1839 Country: Afghanistan

1. Jamaluddin al-Afghani: Muslim Reformer and Advocate of Pan-Islamism
2. Origins and Early Life
3. Renaissance in Islam
4. Pan-Islamism
5. Exile and Later Years
6. Legacy
7. Death and Memorialization

Jamaluddin al-Afghani: Muslim Reformer and Advocate of Pan-Islamism

Jamaluddin al-Afghani was a prominent Muslim reformer and proponent of pan-Islamism in the 19th century.

Origins and Early Life

While al-Afghani claimed to be of Afghan descent, born in Asadabad, Afghanistan, historians debate his true origins. Some scholars suggest he was born into a Shia family in Esadabad, Iran, and adopted an Afghan identity to gain greater influence among Sunni Muslims. This claim is supported by the fact that al-Afghani concealed his possible Iranian heritage to avoid persecution from the Iranian ruler Nasereddin Shah.

Renaissance in Islam

Al-Afghani traveled extensively, living in Afghanistan, India, Egypt, and Istanbul. Throughout his travels, he called for Islamic reforms and the awakening of the Muslim world. He argued against despotism and advocated for constitutional governance.

Pan-Islamism

Al-Afghani believed in the unification of Muslims against European powers. He proposed creating a confederation of Muslim states under the leadership of a caliph, promoting social equality and justice based on Islamic ethics.

Exile and Later Years

Due to his critical views, al-Afghani was arrested and exiled from Egypt in 1879. He lived under surveillance in India for several years before moving to Europe in 1883, where he continued his activism. He spent his later years in various countries, including Persia, Russia, Iraq, and England.

Legacy

Al-Afghani's teachings were influential in the Muslim world, inspiring future reformers and leaders. He is considered a forerunner of Islamic socialism, combining Islamic principles with modern political demands.

Death and Memorialization

Al-Afghani passed away in Istanbul in 1897. His remains were transported to Afghanistan in 1944, where he is revered as a national hero.