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Jean FoucaultFrench physicist, creator of the gyroscope and Foucault pendulum
Date of Birth: 18.09.1819
Country:  France |
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Biography of Jean Foucault
Jean Foucault was a French physicist and inventor, best known for his experiments in optics and mechanics. He was born on September 18, 1819, in Paris, France. Although he initially studied medicine at the urging of his father, he became fascinated with experimental physics.
Early Career
In 1845, Foucault began working as a scientific observer for the newspaper "Journal des Débats". He later joined the Paris Observatory in 1855 and became a member of the Bureau of Longitudes in 1862.
Contributions to Optics and Mechanics
Foucault's main research focused on optics, mechanics, and electromagnetism. He conducted optical studies with his colleague, Armand Fizeau, and their most famous experiment involved observing the interference of light with a large path difference. In 1849-1850, he measured the speed of light in air and water using a rapidly rotating mirror, confirming the wave nature of light.
In 1851, Foucault demonstrated the rotation of the Earth around its axis using a pendulum, known as the Foucault pendulum. This experiment provided visual proof of the Earth's rotation. He also invented the gyroscope in 1852, which has since been widely used in technology and navigation.
Foucault's other notable inventions include an automatic light regulator for arc lamps, a photometer, and a polarizing prism suitable for ultraviolet light. His precision method for manufacturing large reflector mirrors revolutionized telescope construction, as he suggested using lightweight and cost-effective glass mirrors coated with silver film instead of metallic mirrors.
Recognition and Legacy
Foucault was a member of the Royal Society of London and the Berlin Academy of Sciences. In recognition of his scientific contributions, he was awarded the Copley Medal. He passed away on February 11, 1868, in Paris, leaving behind a significant legacy in the field of physics and optical instrument design.
