John Daniell English scientist, chemist and physicist. Date of Birth: 12.03.1790 Country: Great Britain

1. Biography of John Daniel
2. Academic Career
3. Notable Inventions
4. Awards and Recognition
5. Contributions to Science
6. Legacy

Biography of John Daniel

John Daniel was an English scientist, chemist, and physicist. He was born in London and became one of the most promising chemists and physicists in the Royal Society, which included many outstanding scientists from various fields.

Academic Career

In 1831, Daniel became the first professor of chemistry at the newly established King's College London. In 1835, he was appointed to a similar position at the East India Company's Military Seminary in Addiscombe, Surrey.

Notable Inventions

Among Daniel's numerous developments, the most well-known is the "Daniel cell" - an electric battery that surpassed existing analogues in several characteristics. He is also known as the creator of the hygrometer and pyrometer, both of which were named after him. Additionally, Daniel's developed process of producing luminous gas from rosin and rubber was used in New York for some time.

Awards and Recognition

For his pyrometer, Daniel received the Rumford Medal, and his invention of the electric battery earned him the Copley Medal. In 1830, Daniel constructed a water barometer in the hall of the Royal Society, which he actively used in various experiments and observations. He became a member of the Royal Society in 1813 and was appointed as the foreign secretary of the Society in 1831. In 1842, Daniel received an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree from the University of Oxford.

Contributions to Science

Among Daniel's notable works and publications are the "Meteorological Essays" in 1823, the "Essay on Artificial Climate considered in its Applications to Horticulture" in 1824, where he emphasized the importance of maintaining high humidity in greenhouses containing tropical plants, and the "Introduction to the Study of Chemical Philosophy" in 1839.

Legacy

In 1840, Daniel was invited to deliver a Christmas lecture at the Royal Institution, where he discussed the fundamental principles of Franklin's electricity. Sadly, John Daniel passed away from a sudden apoplectic stroke in March 1845 during a meeting of the Royal Society.

In honor of John Daniel, one of the lunar craters is named after him. The Daniel crater is located in the southern part of the Lake of Dreams (Lacus Somniorum).