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Manuel VivancoPeruvian military and political figure
Date of Birth: 15.06.1806
Country:  Peru |
Content:
- Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco: A Peruvian Military and Political Figure
- Rise to Power
- First Presidency and Deposition
- Exile and Return
- Second Rebellion and Later Career
- Death and Legacy
Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco: A Peruvian Military and Political Figure
Early Life and Military CareerManuel Ignacio de Vivanco was born in Valparaiso, Chile, to Peruvian parents. He joined the war against the Peru-Bolivian Confederation led by Marshal Agustín Gamarra, fighting for the separation of Peru from the confederation.
Rise to Power
During Gamarra's second presidency, Vivanco was appointed prefect of Arequipa. However, he soon rebelled against Gamarra with the aim of leading Peru. The rebellion was suppressed by government forces, and Vivanco fled to Bolivia. He returned to Peru after Gamarra's death.
First Presidency and Deposition
Vivanco supported President Juan Francisco de Vidal in the ensuing power struggle and was promoted to the rank of general. In 1843, he rebelled against Vidal and seized power, assuming the title "Supreme Director of the Republic." He was defeated and removed from office by Domingo Nieto and Ramón Castilla.
Exile and Return
Vivanco accepted his defeat and went into prolonged exile in Ecuador. In 1849, he returned to Peru under the amnesty law of September 1, 1847. He launched a press campaign to support himself and ran for president in 1850 but failed to gain support.
Second Rebellion and Later Career
In 1856, Vivanco again rebelled, this time against the government of President Ramón Castilla. The rebellion was suppressed after a protracted war. Under President Juan Antonio Pezet, Vivanco was appointed Minister of War and negotiated a peace treaty with Spain after the Spanish-South American War. The treaty bore his name and that of the Spanish representative, "Treaty of Vivanco-Pareja."
Death and Legacy
Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco died in Lima in 1873. He remains a controversial figure in Peruvian history, remembered for his military prowess and political ambitions.
