 |
Michael GrulevRussian military leader, lieutenant general.
Date of Birth: 20.08.1857
|
Content:
Mikhail Vasilievich Grulyov: A Distinguished Russian Lieutenant General
Early Life and Education
Mikhail Vasilievich Grulyov was born in Rezekne, Vitebsk Governorate, into a Jewish family. He attended the Sebezh District School and the Warsaw Infantry Cadet School, where he was commissioned as an officer in the 65th Moscow Infantry Regiment in 1882. Prior to joining the cadet school, Grulyov converted to Orthodox Christianity in 1879.
Military Career
In 1888, Grulyov graduated from the General Staff Academy. He served in the Amur and Turkestan Military Districts from 1889 onwards. As an officer of the General Staff, he traveled extensively to India, China, Egypt, and Japan. He headed a Russian trade expedition along the Sungari River and served as a military attache in Japan in 1895. Grulyov led a scientific expedition to Manchuria during the planning of the Chinese Eastern Railway, recommending the location for the city of Harbin.
During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, Grulyov commanded the 11th Pskov Infantry Regiment. He was wounded in battle and received numerous decorations for his valor, including the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th and 3rd degrees, and the Golden Weapon. Grulyov distinguished himself as a regimental (and later divisional) commander in the battles at the Shakhe River.
Post-War Activities
Following the war, Grulyov served on the military-historical commission for the description of the Russo-Japanese War from 1907 to 1909. He retired from the army in 1912 with the rank of Lieutenant General and settled in Nice.
Literary Contributions
Grulyov's literary career began in the late 1870s with the publication of poems in Hebrew in the newspaper "HaTsfira." In 1880, he published an article on the Indian campaign in the newspaper "Golos." Grulyov subsequently wrote numerous articles in "Russkiy Invalid," "Voenny Sbornik," "Priamurskiye Vedomosti," "Istoricheskiy Vestnik," and "Russkaya Starina." He served as editor of "Turkestanskiye Vedomosti" and "Izvestia Turkestanskogo Otdeleniya Imperatorskogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva" and was assistant editor of "Razvedchik." Several of his articles and translations appeared in the secret multi-volume publication of the Military Scientific Committee, "Collection of Geographical, Topographical, and Statistical Materials on Asia."
Among Grulyov's notable publications is "Russia's Rivalry in Central Asia," an analytical and historical work translated into English and German and still considered a valuable resource today. He also penned dispatches from the Russo-Japanese War, published in "Russkie Vedomosti" and "Razvedchik."
Later Years
The proceeds from Grulyov's memoirs, "Notes of a Jewish General" (1930), were donated to the Jewish National Fund for the acquisition of land in Palestine.
