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Bertrand RussellPhilosopher, logician, mathematician, public figure, Nobel Prize in Literature 1950
Date of Birth: 18.05.1872
Country:  Great Britain |
Content:
Biography of Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Russell was a philosopher, logician, mathematician, and social activist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950. He first presented his own logical views on mathematics in his book "The Principles of Mathematics" (1903), but it was his three-volume work "Principia Mathematica" (1910-13), created in collaboration with Cambridge mathematician A.N. Whitehead, that brought him true fame. He studied and later taught at the University of Cambridge, and was frequently invited to teach at universities in other countries, particularly the United States.
Early Life and Career
Russell's first book was "German Social Democracy" (1896; Russian translation 1906). During his university education, he was influenced by "absolute idealism" (the British version of neo-Hegelianism), but later, together with his colleague G.E. Moore, became a critic of idealistic metaphysics, laying the foundation for the tradition of analytical philosophy.
After defending his dissertation on the foundations of geometry, Russell wrote a book on the philosophy of Leibniz (1900), where he first demonstrated the modern significance of his logical ideas. In addition to "The Principles of Mathematics," his work "Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy" (1919) was written while he was imprisoned for six months in 1918 for his pacifist activities. His book "The Problems of Philosophy" (1912; Russian translation 1914) is still considered the best introduction to philosophy in Anglo-Saxon countries. He also wrote on language and knowledge in his books "Our Knowledge of the External World" (1914), "An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth" (1940), and the comprehensive work "Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits" (1948).
Later Life and Achievements
In 1920-21, Russell visited Soviet Russia (resulting in the book "Practice and Theory of Bolshevism," 1920) and China. He is also the author of the widely known "History of Western Philosophy" (1945; Russian translation 1959) and the three-volume "Autobiography" (1967-69). Russell had a keen interest in marriage and family issues, education, and participated in educational experiments. He was actively involved in social and political activities, and in 1955, along with A. Einstein, initiated the Pugwash Movement and campaigned for nuclear disarmament in 1958. A vast collection of Russell's manuscripts has been preserved.
Bertrand Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950 in recognition of his contributions to literature, philosophy, and social activism.
