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Duglas HartreeEnglish theoretical physicist and mathematician
Date of Birth: 27.03.1897
Country:  Great Britain |
Content:
- Douglas Hartree: A Pioneer in Physics and Computing
- Key Contributions to Quantum Mechanics
- Professor and Mathematician
- Innovation in Computing
- Wartime Contributions and Post-War Engagements
- Legacy and Recognition
Douglas Hartree: A Pioneer in Physics and Computing
Early Life and EducationDouglas Rayner Hartree, born in Cambridge into an academic family, embarked on his educational journey at Cambridge and later Bedales School. His mathematical aptitude shone early on. In 1915, he joined St John's College, Cambridge, but his studies were interrupted by the First World War. He joined a group led by Archibald Hill, gaining valuable experience in numerical calculations.
Key Contributions to Quantum Mechanics
After the war, Hartree continued his studies and graduated with First Class Honors in Mathematics and Second Class Honors in Natural Sciences. Inspired by Niels Bohr's lectures on quantum theory, he applied his mathematical prowess to the atom's structure. In 1928, he introduced the self-consistent field method for describing multi-electron atoms and molecules, further refined by Vladimir Fock.
Professor and Mathematician
In 1929, Hartree became Professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of Manchester, later moving to the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics in 1937. During his tenure, he pursued heavy atom calculations, necessitating extensive computations.
Innovation in Computing
Hartree pioneered British computing by constructing the first differential analyzer in the UK in 1933. He recognized the potential of Vannewar Bush's differential analyzer in Boston and used Meccano components to build a similar model. It paved the way for solving complex differential equations in fields ranging from ballistics to atmospheric physics.
Wartime Contributions and Post-War Engagements
During World War II, Hartree's computational group performed ballistics calculations, radio wave propagation studies, and tank control simulations. After the war, he consulted on the use of electronic computers for ballistics and assisted in the implementation of machines like EDSAC and Ferranti Mark 1.
Legacy and Recognition
Hartree's work in quantum physics and numerical methods left an indelible mark on science. His self-consistent field method remains a fundamental tool in quantum chemistry. He also made significant contributions to computing, inspiring generations of researchers. The atomic unit of energy bears his name as a testament to his pioneering achievements.
