Alfons III King of Portugal Country: Portugal

1. Biography of Alfonso III
2. Conquest of Algarve
3. Development of Agriculture
4. Conflict with the Church

Biography of Alfonso III

Alfonso III, a King of Portugal from the Burgundian dynasty, ruled from 1248 to 1279. He was born in 1210 as the son of Alfonso II and Urraca of Castile.

Conquest of Algarve

In 1249-1250, Alfonso III successfully reconquered the Algarve region from the Moors, marking the completion of the Portuguese Reconquista. He had been effectively governing the country since 1245, taking over from his deposed brother Sancho. With the consent of the cortes, Alfonso assumed the title of king.

Development of Agriculture

Alfonso III was dedicated to the development of agriculture and invited Christian colonists to settle in the country. He also constructed new settlements to enhance economic growth. However, in consolidating his power, he began to encroach on the rights granted to the clergy. Bishops complained about his seizure of church properties, appropriation of church revenues, and coercion of the clergy to submit to secular courts. Pope Gregory IX threatened him with excommunication.

Conflict with the Church

Alfonso III employed cunning tactics to deceive the pope. While assuring the pope of his respect, he continued his policies. For several years, he successfully evaded the pope's condemnation until 1277 when he was finally excommunicated. Shortly before his death in 1279, the king reconciled with the clergy, pledged to fulfill the promises he made at the Council of Lyon in 1245, and received absolution for his sins.

This biography of Alfonso III highlights his military achievements, contributions to agricultural development, and the conflicts he faced with the Church.