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Henry RusselAmerican astronomer.
Date of Birth: 25.10.1877
Country:  USA |
Content:
- Early Life and Education
- Princeton Years
- Starlight and Stellar Evolution
- Revised Theory and Energy Sources
- Contributions to Stellar Astronomy
- Legacy and Honors
Early Life and Education
Henry Norris Russell was born on October 25, 1877, in Oyster Bay, New York. He pursued his studies in astronomy under Charles Young at Princeton University and Robert Ball at Cambridge University.
Princeton Years
In 1905, Russell succeeded Young as Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Observatory at Princeton University. He held these positions until 1947. During that time, he also served as a staff member at the Mount Wilson Observatory from 1922 to 1942.
Starlight and Stellar Evolution
One of Russell's major contributions focused on the relationship between stellar spectra and luminosity. In 1913, independently of Ejnar Hertzsprung, he developed a diagram linking these characteristics (known as the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram). Additionally, from 1913 to 1914, he proposed a theory of stellar evolution based on gravitational contraction.
Revised Theory and Energy Sources
By the mid-1920s, Russell revised his theory, suggesting that stars may possess other energy sources beyond gravitational collapse. Notably, this was before the development of the theory of nuclear reactions.
Contributions to Stellar Astronomy
Russell made significant strides in other areas of stellar astronomy. He established a general theory of eclipsing variable stars in 1912. Moreover, he played a pivotal role in determining the chemical composition of the Sun's atmosphere in 1929 and provided reliable estimates of the element abundances in the Universe.
Legacy and Honors
Russell's contributions earned him membership in numerous academies of sciences, including the presidency of the American Astronomical Society. He received several medals and awards throughout his career. Henry Norris Russell passed away in Princeton, New Jersey, on February 18, 1957.
