Ivan Kablukov
Date of Birth: 02.09.1857
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Content:
- Ivan Alekseyevich Kablokov
- Academic Career
- Teaching and Research
- Scientific Contributions
- Applied Chemistry and Industry
- Pedagogical and Historical Work
- Awards and Honors
- Legacy
Ivan Alekseyevich Kablokov
Early Life and EducationIvan Alekseyevich Kablokov was born on August 21 (September 2), 1857, in the village of Prussia, Moscow Governorate, into a family of emancipated serfs. He graduated from the 2nd Moscow Classical Gymnasium in 1876 and enrolled in the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow University. During his student years, he tutored the young Vladimir Maklakov.
Academic Career
After graduating in 1880 with a degree in natural sciences, Kablokov was appointed to the Department of Chemistry under Professor Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov. He spent the following two years (1881-1882) as a researcher in Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov's chemical laboratory at St. Petersburg University before returning to Moscow University.
In 1887, Kablokov defended his master's thesis on the chemistry of glycerol and its derivatives. In 1889, he worked under Svante Arrhenius at the Leipzig University laboratory of Wilhelm Ostwald.
Teaching and Research
From 1897 to 1906, Kablokov taught inorganic and analytical chemistry, technology of building materials, and metallurgy of iron at the Moscow Engineering School. In 1891, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation on the theories of solutions in relation to the theory of chemical equilibrium.
Kablokov played a significant role in establishing the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (MSAA) in Moscow. He was appointed adjunct professor of the Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry in 1899 and later became its full professor in 1906. He also served as the head of the laboratory of inorganic and physical chemistry from 1918 to the mid-1920s.
From 1903 until his death, Kablokov taught at Moscow University, where he was appointed extraordinary professor (1903), ordinary professor (1906), and emeritus professor (1910). He was the head of the thermochemical laboratory of the Department of Chemistry from 1915 to 1933 and the director of the Research Institute of Chemistry at Moscow State University from 1922.
Scientific Contributions
Kablokov's primary scientific interests were in the field of electrochemistry of non-aqueous solutions. In 1889-1891, he studied the electrical conductivity of electrolytes in organic solvents and observed anomalous conductivity behavior that increased upon the addition of water to alcohol solutions. He hypothesized a chemical interaction between the solvent and the solute.
Independently of Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kistyakovsky, Kablokov introduced the concept of ion solvation in 1889-1891. His doctoral dissertation (1891) focused on this topic, which laid the foundation for bridging the gap between the physical and chemical theories of solutions.
Kablokov also conducted research on thermochemistry and the heat of addition of bromine to ethylene hydrocarbons. He was the first to apply thermal analysis to investigate the mutual exchange of salts in melts in 1905.
Applied Chemistry and Industry
In the early 1900s, Kablokov began working on various applied problems, including apiculture and mineral fertilizers. He developed a method for extracting bromine from the Saki Lake brine in Crimea.
Pedagogical and Historical Work
Kablokov was a renowned educator and popularizer of science. He authored several works on the history of chemistry and played a pivotal role in establishing a school of physical chemistry in Russia.
Awards and Honors
Kablokov received numerous awards and honors, including:- Hero of Labor (1924)
- Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1929)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1937)
- Order of Lenin (1940)
He was a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1928), an honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1932), and an honorary member of the Society of Amateurs of Natural Sciences, Anthropology, and Ethnography (1921).
Legacy
Ivan Alekseyevich Kablokov died on May 5, 1942, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, during the evacuation of Moscow University during World War II. His pioneering research on ion solvation and the merging of physical and chemical theories of solutions left a lasting impact on the field of chemistry.